Sunday, 13 November 2016

27. Waste and Water

Map showing the location of Hull's medieval freshwater dyke outside Beverley Gate

Even on the brightest days, the narrow winding streets of medieval Hull offered plentiful shadows.  Pedestrians had to dodge tethered horses, stray pigs, and open sewers.  Anyone wandering down to the banks of that majestic river the Humber would struggle to appreciate the view with the rotting mess of the town’s rubbish dump at their feet.  It was all far from modern standards of cleanliness but the inhabitants of Hull were certainly not merrily wallowing in filth. 

In 1388 Parliament ordered local governments to keep streets in their area well maintained and free of rubbish and Hull’s ruling aldermen took this duty very seriously.  Each Saturday residents were expected to clean the section of road in front of their property and a rubbish cart was organised to go around town up to three times a week.  Although anything collected was then dumped by the Humber, at least there it was away from people’s homes and could be washed away by the tide.

The open sewers running down the middle of each street were not stagnant pools of muck but filled with running water flowing out into the Humber and were regularly cleaned to prevent blockages.  These sewers certainly didn’t add positively to the town’s ambience, but the alderman knew that for the lack of an alternative it was better then nothing. Care was taken that builders didn’t cut corners by not linking properties to the system.  In 1413 Richard Hanse was granted permission to build a courtyard of houses only if he connected them to the sewer network at his own expense.

Hull’s aldermen also concerned themselves with ensuring a supply of fresh, clean water.  By 1401 the two existing wells in Bishops Lane and Fleshmarket were insufficient for the town’s needs and shipping in additional water was too expensive.  The solution was a dyke 12ft wide and 5ft deep running all the way from Anlaby to Beverley Gate.  From here though the water still had to be physically carried across town to where most people lived down by the High Street.

By the 1440s however the aldermen had seemingly solved this problem by laying a system of lead conduits and pipes within the town walls.  Feeling justifiably proud of this achievement, a grand opening ceremony was held during which wine was sent through the pipes doubtless ensuring the party passed off in a suitably merry manner.  Sadly this visionary system was not without its teething problems so when in 1461 the town needed some ready cash, the decision was taken to dig up the pipes and sell off the valuable lead.

Picture: Close up from map by John Speede, circa 1610, showing the location of Hull’s freshwater dyke.


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